🧬 Semen Analysis
A key test to evaluate male fertility by examining the quality, quantity, and health of sperm.

🔍 What is it?

Semen analysis (also known as a sperm test) assesses various parameters of a man’s semen and sperm. It's commonly used when couples are struggling to conceive or want to check fertility status proactively.

It provides insight into sperm count, movement, shape, and other factors vital for natural conception.

🧪 What does it measure?

A typical semen analysis looks at:

• Sperm Count – number of sperm in the sample
• Motility – how well the sperm move (crucial for reaching the egg)
• Morphology – shape and structure of the sperm
• Volume – total amount of semen in the sample
• pH and Viscosity – acidity and thickness
• White blood cells – may indicate infection
• Liquefaction Time – how long semen takes to become fluid

Some tests also check:

• Fructose levels – for seminal vesicle function
• Vitality – percentage of live sperm if motility is low

❓ Why might I need it?

You might need a semen analysis if you:

• 👶 Are trying to conceive without success after 6–12 months
• 💉 Are undergoing fertility treatment (e.g. IVF, ICSI)
• 🔬 Want to check fertility status proactively
• 🤕 Have had testicular trauma, infections, or surgery
• 💊 Are on medications that may affect sperm production
• 🧬 Have a history of undescended testicles or varicocele
• 🔄 Want to confirm vasectomy success or reversal

🧬 Conditions it can help detect or monitor:

• Male infertility (low sperm count, poor motility/morphology)
• Obstruction in reproductive tract
• Hormonal imbalances or testicular dysfunction
• Infections or inflammation
• Post-vasectomy status

🩺 How is it done?

• A semen sample is collected (usually by masturbation) into a sterile container
• Sample must be kept at body temperature and delivered to the lab within 60 minutes
• Abstain from ejaculation 2–7 days before the test for accurate results

💷 Typical Private Cost in the UK:
£100–£200
Often included in male fertility assessments or IVF packages

✅ Commonly Combined With:

• Hormone tests (FSH, LH, Testosterone) – to assess hormone-related fertility issues
• STI screening – to rule out infections
• Scrotal ultrasound – to check for varicoceles or blockages
• Genetic testing – in cases of very low sperm count or azoospermia

📚 References:

• NHS – Semen analysis and fertility testing
• NICE – [Fertility: Assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems]
• WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen